产生鬼臼毒素菌株的诱变选育

目的:提高原始菌株鬼臼毒素的产量,以期组织工业化生产,从而扩大鬼臼类化合物的资源。方法:以交链孢霉Ty为研究对象,进行紫外线和He-Ne激光复合诱变,再对所获得高产菌株进行发酵条件的优化。结果:筛选到一株鬼臼毒素高产菌株Ty4-16-13,产量达4.213μg/L,比原始菌株提高96%。结论:诱变后的菌株经7次传代,产量较稳定,可用于工业化生产。     

High frequency plant regeneration from protoplasts in cotton <Emphasis Type="Italic">via</Emphasis> somatic embryogenesis

A highly reproducible system for efficient plant regeneration from protoplast via somatic embryogenesis was developed in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivar ZDM-3. Embryogenic callus, somatic embryos and suspension culture cells were used as explants. Callus-forming frequency (82.86 %) was obtained in protoplast cultures from suspension culture cells in KM₈P medium with 0.45 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 0.93 μM kinetin (KIN), 1.5 % glucose and 1.5 % maltose. Protocolonies formed in two months with plating efficiency of 14 %. However, the callus-forming efficiencies from other two explants were low. The calli from protoplast culture were transferred to somatic embryo induction medium and 12.7 % of normal plantlets were obtained on medium contained 3 % maltose or 1 % of each sucrose + maltose + glucose, 2.46 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 0.93 μM KIN. Over 100 plantlets were obtained from protoplasts derived from three explants. The regenerated plants were transferred to the soil and the highest survival rate (95 %) was observed in transplanting via a new method.     

西南桦速生单株选择

采用方差分析、遗传参数分析和聚类分析方法,在福建省华安县引种实验林进行西南桦(Betula alnoides Buch.-Ham.ex D. Don)速生单株选择,从25个种源中筛选出8个优良种源,树高平均遗传增益为10.4%.对8个种源中69个家系进行聚类分析,选择出13个速生家系,树高的平均遗传增益为29.4%.运用K快速聚类法从95个单株中筛选出14株速生单株,其遗传增益为118.01%,增产效果显著,在闽南一带可用作无性繁殖材料,以加速西南桦引种造林良种化进程.     

安徽产石蒜两个居群的核型研究

观察了石蒜(Lycoris radinta)两个不同居群植物的染色体数目和核型,发现野生石蒜在一个植株的不同根尖细胞里,存在两种倍性的细胞,如生于宣城敬亭山的居群既有正常三倍体：2n=33=18st 15T,属于“4A”核型;还有异常二倍体：2n=20 1B=2st 18T 1B,属于“4B”核型;生于芜湖的居群核型为：2n=20 1B=lm 9T 4t 6st 1B和2n=20 1B=1M 9T 10st 1B,属于“3B”和“3C”核型。     

福建省毛竹混交林群落结构特征的比较

通过设置临时标准地对龙栖山、武夷山和天宝岩3个国家级自然保护区的3种毛竹混交林群落类型结构进行调查与统计分析.结果表明,在物种数量上从多到少依次为:武夷山国家级自然保护区的毛竹 少叶黄杞(Phyllostachys pubescences Mazel ex H. Delehaie Engelhardtia fenzelii Merr.)混交林(68科125属230种),龙栖山国家级自然保护区的毛竹 南方红豆杉[Taxus chinensis (Pilger) Rehd. var. mairei (Lemee et Lévl.) Cheng et L. K. Fu]混交林(69科135属194种)和天宝岩国家级自然保护区的毛竹 长苞铁杉(Tsuga longibracteata Cheng)混交林(41科71属105种).3个毛竹混交林群落结构分明,毛竹在混交林群落乔木层中占绝对优势的地位.乔木层、灌木层和草本层层次清晰,还具有层间层.毛竹 南方红豆杉群落和毛竹 长苞铁杉群落乔木层可分为3个亚层,而毛竹 少叶黄杞群落乔木层可分为2个亚层.毛竹 少叶黄杞群落的灌木层物种数和草本层盖度均比其他2个群落高.     

The genetic status and conservation management of two cultivated bulb species extinct in the wild: Tecophilaea cyanocrocus (Chile) and Tulipa sprengeri (Turkey)

Tecophilaea cyanocrocus and Tulipasprengeri are both extinct in the wild as aresult of overharvesting by commercialcollectors. Stocks of both species survive incultivation in amateur collections, commercialnurseries and botanic garden collections.Whilst both species share a similarconservation history, the distribution ofgenetic diversity within cultivated materialwas unknown. To support the long-termconservation of both species the geneticdiversity of the surviving stocks was assessedusing amplified fragment length polymorphisms(AFLPs). This study revealed different geneticstructures for the two bulb species. The Kewcollections of T. cyanocrocus, originallyobtained from a commercial nursery, VanTubergen, are genetically highly uniform andthe addition of samples from other collectionshas dramatically increased the level ofvariation. In contrast, the collections ofT. sprengeri held at Kew since the early20th century include representativegenotypes covering the whole range of geneticvariation found in this species and areprobably the source of all other cultivatedmaterial. The results are discussed in relationto the management of these species to ensuretheir continued survival in cultivation.     

皱叶留兰香迁地栽培后的营养成分及抗性指标测定

皱叶留兰香 (ＭｅｎｔｈａｃｒｉｓｐａｔｅＳｃｈｒａｄ .ｅｘＷｉｌｌｄ .)为唇形科薄荷属 (ＭｅｎｔｈａＬ .)多年生宿根草本植物 ,原分布于地中海沿岸 ,我国云南及贵州等地也有分布。皱叶留兰香及薄荷属某些种类 ,在民间被广泛药用和食用。具有疏风散热、辟秽解毒之功效 ,常用于外感风热、头痛、目赤、食滞气胀、口疮、牙痛等症[1 ] ,现代研究表明薄荷属植物还具有抗病毒、杀菌、抗刺激、利胆[2 ] 及放疗区域皮肤保护[3] 等作用。食用则具有清凉芳香的口味特点 ,在我国西南地区已经成为普通蔬菜 ,广泛用于调料、生食和火锅等。作者对皱…     

白珠树属5种药用植物木脂素苷含量的比较

Ｔ.Ｚ.Ｈｓｕ＆Ｒ.Ｃ.Ｆａｎｇ〕是治疗风湿病的民族药,目前还没有评价质量的定性和定量方法。一般认为水杨酸甲酯是可能的有效成分,但根据作者的最新研究[1～3],建议暂用滇白珠木脂素苷含量作滇白珠的质量标准,同时建立[4]和改进[5]了分析木脂素苷的高效液相法,并研究了木脂素苷在滇白珠体内的分布特点及季节和地区对含量的影响[6]。根据作者对白珠树属(ＧａｕｌｔｈｅｒｉａＫａｌｍｅｘＬ.)的研究[7],发现具有抗风湿活性是该属许多植物的一个共同特点,其中至少有15种(变种)植物在民间被用于风湿病治疗[8],为了分析和比较这些植物在相关化…     

青荚叶〔Helwingia japonica(Thunb.)Dietr.〕种下新组合

青荚叶〔Ｈｅｌｗｉｎｇｉａｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ (Ｔｈｕｎｂ .)Ｄｉｅｔｒ.〕为山茱萸科(Ｃｏｒｎａｃｅａｅ)青荚叶属 (ＨｅｌｗｉｎｇｉａＷｉｌｌｄ .)植物 ,我国民间常将其髓部、叶及果实作为药用。该种主要特征为叶片纸质 ,卵形、卵圆形、长卵形或卵状披针形 ,背面粉白或淡绿色等[1 ] 。作者在对馆藏的青荚叶标本进行整理时 ,发现《中国植物志》中的个别变种描述与该变种原始文献的描述有出入 ,而且该种种内的一些分类依据不明确。为此作者查阅了有关标本及文献 ,对该种的这些问题进行了分析和讨论。青荚叶Ｈｅｌｗｉｎｇｉａｊａｐｏｎ…     

大丁草属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究

本文概述了大丁草属植物的化学成分和药理活性研究。着重介绍了其中所含的香豆素类化合物的化学结构特点、光谱特征及生物活性。